The main causes of nerve injuries are open wounds made by any sharp objects, traction or pull and fracture-dislocations of bones and joints. In recent years frequent use of injection also may cause nerve injury.
The consequences of injury to a nerve depend on the site. Severity and the nature of trauma. In first degree trauma there is temporary failure of nerve conduction without loss of axonal continuity. In second stage there is loss of axonal continuity as well as death of the axons distal to the injured site. But in this condition endoneural tubes are preserved. In complete damage, endoneural tubes are completely broken with total loss of the nerve fibers architecture.
The peripheral nerves contain sensory and motor nerve fibers or both. In axonal discontinuity the proximal end of the nerve first of all swells and undergoes degeneration depending on the severity of injury. After that neuroma made up of connectiv tissues develops. An interweave bunch of regenerating axons also takes place. In mild nerve injury degeneration occurs but regeneration of axons also takes place. In any never injury sensory, motor, and reflex changes depends on the involvement of the particular peripheral nerve and its level. It may be due to remote or recent nerve injury. Causalgia, severe burning pain along with the distribution of affected nerve,
Trophic changes in affected part and vasomotor hyperactivity are distinguishing features. In accidental trauma there is injury to vertebral spinal cord and corresponding peripheral branches. Due to injury to spinal cord there is loss of sensation and loss of function of the body below the injury site. There is no control over defecation and micturition. Due to long standing stay on bed there are chances of bed sores and these wounds do not heal in due course.
Due to increased occurrence of accidents the incidence of spinal injury is becoming high. Thousands of patients are bound to live without any solution in the neurosurgicl words. In cases of traumatic peripheral never lesion kshipra talahridaya, kurcha kurcha sira, gulpha, indravasti, janu, urvi, ani marma of contra lateral and affected leg should be treated with rubbing pressure, oil massage, paste application and fomentation.